Before I get into the post, I would again like to recommend "The Money Book for the Young, Fabulous & Broke" by Suze Orman, especially if you are under 30, and even more so if you are not broke. There's a lot of info in there that, if you continue to not be broke, and/or want to stay that way, will prove to be useful as a reference in the future.
I talked about credit scores and such about a month ago, and posted a link to the website for a PBS special on credit cards (you can watch the whole special from the website). I've been reading things from that site since. Actually, I opened those links a month ago, and I've been reading them on my breaks at work, and closing the tabs as I go along (kinda tells you how often I actually shut down my computer). There is a lot of insightful stuff posted along the website, such as why most credit card companies are in a few states (high usury limits in those states, and the ability to "export" interest rates that would be illegal in other states), as well as how profits are made, and the thinking behind it, and a lot of other great information.
In any case, I recently read this article, which is an excerpt from a book, that talks about debt and collections (different link to a shorter article with information), and how individuals are dragged down by it. Don't let the first section completely turn you off if you support Clinton, because that's not the whole point (although it does stand as another example why I won't be voting for her). The most interesting part comes when you get down to how collection agents place pressure on people, to the point of threatening individuals, and instilling general fear. Here's an example from the article:
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Sears, America's fourth-largest retail chain, got caught threatening
to nab a battery from a Massachusetts family's car unless the family
promised to send Sears some money-money that the family no longer owed.
This was in clear violation of the law. The family had filed for
bankruptcy protection, so Sears was legally barred from further
collection efforts. Aside from that, it is reasonable to wonder: What
could Sears possibly want with a used car battery? Or with the used
dehumidifiers, mattresses, and Walkmans the company had threatened to
take back from thousands of other families? Sears was not in the
business of selling used household goods. And it would have cost the
company several hundred dollars to hire a repo man and send a truck to
someone's door-far more than a used Walkman or car battery would be
worth. Sears almost certainly didn't want those goods; the company wanted
the money people would pay to keep the Sears repo man away. The company
probably hoped that some families were unaware of their legal rights,
and that if they were frightened enough, they just might keep making
payments on old bills, even after those bills had been discharged in
bankruptcy. FBI Special Agent in Charge Barry Mawn described the Sears
case as an example of "Corporate America blindly [pursuing]
profitability over its obligation to treat the consuming public with
fairness and honesty."
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Messed up, huh? Here's another:
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Consider, for example, a conversation we had with "Sally," a former
Sears collection agent in the Boston area. Sally's job was to call
families that had fallen behind and to pressure them to pay up. One
incident particularly stood out in Sally's memory. When another Sears
agent threatened to repossess a mattress from a woman who was
delinquent on her payments, the customer in question stuck to her guns.
"You will not. It isn't worth anything. Besides, you can't even sell a
used mattress. It's not legal." Sally's coworker was quick on her feet.
"We'll come and get it because we can. And then, we'll set it on fire
and burn it up. It won't give us anything, but you won't have it
either." The woman caved in and sent Sears a check for $50. According
to Sally, the story was widely told and retold in her department and
praised by the department manager as an example of "real initiative."
Since we only have Sally's word, we can't confirm the facts of her
account, but it is a matter of public record that Sears has threatened
to repossess used mattresses from other families.
Sally's real expertise wasn't collecting from the living. She spent
most of her days collecting from the dead -- or at least the family
members of the dead. When a person dies, only a cosigner on the account
is liable for the bill. If no one has cosigned, the store can repossess
the goods (if the original contract permitted this) or collect from the
estate of the deceased, but they cannot hold other family members
liable for the debt. The company is not, however, prohibited from
trying to collect from the family. So Sally's job was to call the adult
children or grieving widows of customers who had died leaving an
outstanding bill. She typically started a call with something gentle
and confidential. "Mabel was a longtime member of the Sears family, and
we're sure she would have wanted her bills to be paid." Sally then read
from a list of purchases Mabel had made on her Sears card, inserting
some personal comments. "I see she bought eyeglasses. And some baby
clothes-I love those sweet little sweaters and matching caps, don't
you?" If the soft sell didn't work, Sally would turn up the heat,
threatening to send a collection agent who would plow through the
deceased's closets and drawers and "take back what belonged to Sears."
If that wasn't enough, there was a final warning that must have sent
many families running for the checkbook: She threatened to reclaim
every gift ever purchased on the Sears card. Again, the claim seems
ridiculous; how would a Sears agent ever figure out that Mabel had
given the frilly dress to her grandniece in Detroit, while the Walkman
had gone to a great-grandson in Denver? But these threats were put to
grieving family members who had just lost a loved one, not to
battle-hardened debt-dodgers who were primed to defend themselves. Not
surprisingly, Sally said that most families paid.
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Now, I've never personally had any debt collectors come after me. The idea of debt along has stopped that. Actually, it's my love of 1) having money, and 2) only having to budget large purchases, that really keeps me clean. That, and the fact that I genera,lly only buy stuff that I NEED that falls within a budget, or creates a reasonably manageable debt.
However, in most cases, it's not some deadbeat that owes money. Don't get me wrong, I know that they exist, and that they are generally very skilled at either digging themselves into situations that they can't get out of, or not really caring about the consequences. However, most people aren't. Furthermore, if you actually look at the business practices of creditors, you find that they actually seek out these people who are more likely to create these situations, because they are the most profitable. See the section of the article called "Where the money is".
For example, as far as the credit companies (as opposed to, say, my bank, where I actually keep money) are concerned, I am a "deadbeat". I generally pay off my bills in full, and seldom carry debt. On occasion, I become a "revolver", which is someone who carries a monthly balance, which generates profits for the credit company, however I pay more than the minimum payment, which means less revenue for them. They don't really like me. Most of the time, if you just pay the minimum payment, you will end up paying triple the original price for the item, and if they lower the required minimum payment percentage, although it becomes "easier" to make payments, and they generate less in late fees, they will get more money over time.
I don't get many credit card offers in the mail. However, if you are struggling, or paying minimums, every company wants you, because they want that piece of the revenue. They will suggest a balance transfer (which usually carries an instant 3% fee), but will give you 12 months with no interest (however, if there is a balance at the end of that time, the remaining balance gets hit with the 12 months of interest at your non-introductory rate. Oh, and that 0% is only for balance transfers. Any additional purchases get regular interest applied, while your payments go to pay off the balance transfer, which wasn't generating them revenue. So, let's say that you transfer $6,000. Then you add $180 (3%). Now, lets say you make $1,000 in purchases almost immediately(necessary bills), but you make $3,000 in payments after that, in the next 12 months. That last $1,000 goes completely unaffected by your payments and generates interest during the whole year, which only removes $3,000 from what wasn't generating interest.
So, at the end of 12 months, you have a year's interest on $4,000. And it's probably going to take you some time to pay that off. In fact, the hardship that probably cause the original debt is probably still an issue, and generating more debt, or at least prevent complete resolution of the old debt. Meanwhile, this happens:
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Collection of credit card debt is carried out in a variety of ways.
Credit card companies initially try to recover an outstanding balance
through its in-house collection department or through a third-party
firm that collects debt under the name of the creditor. If the creditor
is unable to collect, the debt is either handed over to an outside
agency that makes a percentage on collections or the debt is sold
outright for pennies on the dollar. The sold debt is then written off
against the amount of outstanding debt.Since debt purchasers pay a fraction of the amount of an account's
total outstanding debt, buyers only need to recover a modest percentage
to turn a profit. Now, collection lawyers also see debt purchasing as a
good investment opportunity and more lawyers are getting into the
debt-buying game... Certain state laws prohibit law firms from buying debt, so firms are
setting up subsidiaries or limited liability companies that purchase
debt and contract with the firm... In many cases, a law firm's debt collection subsidiary becomes the firm's best client.
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Diabolical, isn't it. All I can say, is educate yourself, choose wisely, and know your rights.
Black 6, out.
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